Iceland was ranked the most peaceful country in the world in the 2026 Global Peace Index.
Jasper Neupane/Shutterstock
Some Americans are looking to move abroad amid global and domestic tensions, among other factors.
These 20 countries are ranked as the most peaceful by the Global Peace Index.
Iceland topped the list as the world’s most peaceful country for the 19th consecutive year.
Amid international conflicts and domestic tensions, some may feel that the US is not the safest place to live right now.
While safety can be a subjective measure, that assessment is not entirely off base: The US is ranked the 134th most peaceful country in the world — falling behind nations like Venezuela, Lebanon, and India — in the 2026 Global Peace Index (GPI).
A Gallup poll released in October 2024 showed that 21% of polled Americans expressed a desire to move abroad, up from 17% in 2023 and 10% in 2011. Some Americans have considered moving overseas due to factors such as crime rates, modern conflicts, work-life balance, the cost of living, and parenting values.
However, Gallup also found that the US was the most desired destination for citizens of other countries.
The 2026 Global Peace Index, which was released in June, evaluated countries across three domains: ongoing conflicts, societal safety and security, and militarization.
For ongoing conflicts, the report looked at both “internal and external conflicts, as well as their role and duration of involvement.” Societal safety and security are evaluated by factors such as homicide rates, political terror, violent demonstrations, and perceptions of criminality. Lastly, the militarization domain consists of a country’s military spending as a percentage of its GDP, weapons access, and other factors.
Here are the 20 most peaceful countries in the world, according to the 2026 Global Peace Index.
20. Australia
Melbourne, Australia.
Rudy Balasko/Shutterstock
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: T34
Societal safety and security rank: 23
Militarization rank: 48
Australia was also ranked 14th in US News & World Report’s best countrieslist, thanks to high scores in its health, governance, and opportunity metrics.
19. Latvia
Riga, Latvia.
Altug Galip/Shutterstock
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: 46
Societal safety and security rank: 18
Militarization rank: 51
Latvia was ranked the 12th most peaceful country in Western and Central Europe.
18. Mauritius
Port Louis, Mauritius.
Lostsurf/Shutterstock
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: T1
Societal safety and security rank: 60
Militarization rank: 9
The report found that Mauritius was the most peaceful country in Sub-Saharan Africa. The island nation jumped up 11 spots from last year’s ranking and saw improvement across all three GPI domains, with the report citing peaceful political competition and institutional stability as factors.
17. Netherlands
Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Sean Pavone/Shutterstock
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: 16
Societal safety and security rank: 12
Militarization rank: 137
Despite ranking 17th overall, the Netherlands’ militarization rank of No. 137 is the lowest placement for any of the three factors for any of the top 20 countries.
The Netherlands has the 17th largest defense budget in the world, at $29.12 billion, according to the International Institute for Strategic Studies.
16. Bhutan
Thimphu, Bhutan.
KeongDaGreat/Shutterstock
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: 29
Societal safety and security rank: 38
Militarization rank: 4
Bhutan was the most peaceful country in South Asia, according to the report.
Yet the country has the longest average workweek in the world, with its citizens working an average of 54.4 hours per week as of 2024.
15. Hungary
Budapest, Hungary.
AlexAnton/Shutterstock
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: T23
Societal safety and security rank: 31
Militarization rank: 13
After serving for a total of 20 years, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán lost in his reelection bid in April. Hungary’s parliament recently passed a constitutional amendment that would impose eight-year term limits on prime ministers, Politico reported.
Orbán remains a controversial figure for his support for Russia and far-right positions, such as his opposition to LGBTQ+ rights.
14. Canada
Vancouver, Canada.
Felipe Sanchez/Shutterstock
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: T34
Societal safety and security rank: T16
Militarization rank: 26
While Canada was ranked the most peaceful country in North and Central America, its score in the societal safety and security domain has dropped by 7.7% since 2008.
13. Czechia
Prague, Czechia.
Dreamer4787/Shutterstock
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: 22
Societal safety and security rank: 22
Militarization rank: 19
Czechia was also ranked the third-best country for civic health by US News & World Report, thanks to factors such as strong freedom of expression and low income inequality.
12. Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Afi Jamal/Shutterstock
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: 10
Societal safety and security rank: 47
Militarization rank: 2
Malaysia spent just 1% of its GDP on military spending in 2024, per the World Bank. This compares with more than 3% for the US.
11. Denmark
Daily Life in Copenhagen
Stefano Guidi / Contributor
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: 20
Societal safety and security rank: 5
Militarization rank: 120
Denmark has previously been ranked the best country in the world for quality of life, based on factors such as cost of living, job markets, and healthcare quality.
10. Japan
Tokyo
Hide’s photos/Shutterstock
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: T38
Societal safety and security rank: 4
Militarization rank: 75
Japan also consistently ranks among the countries with the highest life expectancy in the world.
9. Finland
Helsinki, Finland.
Getty Images
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: T47
Societal safety and security rank: 2
Militarization rank: 53
Finland was ranked as the second-most peaceful country on the societal safety and security domain of the GPI.
Singapore is expensive, but expats can also earn high salaries.
Calvin Chan Wai Meng/Getty Images
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: 5
Societal safety and security rank: 6
Militarization rank: 126
Singapore, ranked second-most peaceful in the Asia-Pacific region by the GPI, is another popular destination for American expats, including those seeking entrepreneurial economies like Silicon Valley.
The country was ranked in the top 10 in the societal safety and security and ongoing conflicts domains of the GPI, while falling in the lower half of the militarization rank.
7. Portugal
Camara de Lobos village Madeira, Portugal.
VW Pics/Getty Images
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: 13
Societal safety and security rank: 25
Militarization rank: 3
For Americans looking to move abroad, Portugal has emerged as a recent favorite.
A survey of over 116,000 Americans interested in moving abroad in 2024 showed the country as the most requested destination, according to Expatsi, a website with resources for Americans looking to relocate.
The country was ranked third most peaceful in the world in the GPI militarization domain.
6. Austria
Vienna, Austria was ranked as the best city for ex-pats to move to.
Giannis Alexopoulos/NurPhoto via Getty Images
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: 11
Societal safety and security rank: 21
Militarization rank: 7
Austria has stayed in the top most peaceful countries since the GPI began measuring global peace in 2008.
Virtuoso said summer bookings for Slovenia were up 24$ in 2024 compared to 2023.
TTstudio/Shutterstock
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: 19
Societal safety and security rank: 9
Militarization rank: 6
Slovenia, first lady Melania Trump‘s home country, ranked sixth most peaceful in the GPI militarization domain, which considers factors such as military expenditure and weapons exports.
The country is often categorized as a hidden gem in Europe for travelers, thanks to its beautiful landscapes.
3. Switzerland
Aerial view of the Basel medieval old town in Switzerland – stock photo
@DidierMarti /Getty Images
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: 6
Societal safety and security rank: 8
Militarization rank: 25
Housing Geneva, the global “Peace Capital,” Switzerland ranked in the top 10 most peaceful countries in the ongoing conflicts and societal safety and security GPI domains.
Quality of life has been one of the factors driving expats to move there in recent years.
2. New Zealand
View over Queenstown, New Zealand.
Matteo Colombo/Getty
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: 4
Societal safety and security rank: 14
Militarization rank: 11
New Zealand ranked as the most peaceful country in the Asia-Pacific region, and received one of the top rankings in the ongoing conflicts domain.
New Zealand transplants have cited its family-friendly towns, natural beauty, and outdoor activities as some of the reasons they love the country.
1. Iceland
Skógar, Southern Iceland.
Marco Bottigelli/Getty Images
Ongoing domestic and international conflict rank: 1
Societal safety and security rank: 3
Militarization rank: 1
Iceland was named the most peaceful country for the 19th consecutive year. It ranked first in the ongoing domestic and international conflict and militarization domains of the GPI ranking, but it’s also one of the world’s most expensive countries.
An airman unloads cargo from a KC-135 Stratotanker.
Andrew Sinclair/US Air Force
Air Force tankers have fallen short of readiness standards from 2019 to 2025, according to a new watchdog report.
Reported problems include parts shortages, maintenance staffing gaps, and insufficient infrastructure.
Military demand for aerial refueling has surged during recent major combat operations.
The US Air Force’s aerial refueling tanker fleet has fallen short of its readiness goals every year since 2019, a government watchdog found, raising new concerns about a critical part of the US military’s airpower.
According to a new report from the Government Accountability Office, the Air Force’s aging KC-135 Stratotanker and newer KC-46A Pegasus tanker fleets did not meet availability and mission-capable standards from fiscal year 2019 through fiscal year 2025.
Despite having identified “sustainment risks” for the fleet, the Air Force “has not comprehensively assessed these risks or developed a plan to mitigate them,” the GAO report said. Those risks included shortages of critical repair parts, a lack of personnel to maintain the aircraft, and “infrastructure limitations.”
The report noted that the service has taken some steps to remedy those failures but lacks a comprehensive plan to prevent more breakdowns.
Specific “annual availability” figures and “mission-capable rates” for the tanker aircraft were not included in the report; the Pentagon said those rates were too sensitive for public release.
Tankers effectively serve as flying gas stations for other military aircraft, extending their reach. They refuel planes like fighter jets and bombers, which are sometimes tasked with long missions exceeding the capacity of their own fuel tanks, forcing them to depend on tankers to stay in the air.
The report’s findings come as the military has relied extensively on tankers and their skilled crews for last year’s strikes on Iranian nuclear facilities, a major January raid into Venezuela to remove the country’s president, and throughout the war in Iran.
Award citations for half a dozen fighter jet pilots who flew in support of the 2025 Midnight Hammer strikes said that they returned home “critically low” on fuel after encountering an “aerial refueling fallout” early on in the mission.
During the later war with Iran, tankers crucially supported intense combat air operations. Refueling aircraft were damaged amid exchanges of fire, and six US service members were killed in March when their KC-135 Air Force tanker crashed while flying over Iraq.
The KC-135 tanker carries more than 212,000 pounds of fuel, while the KC-46A carries slightly less, at 200,000 pounds. They’re a critical component of American airpower facing readiness problems compounded by incomplete data,the report said.
The air service tracks aircraft availability and readiness rates, but those metrics aren’t detailed enough to specify whether a tanker that can fly can actually conduct its most important job — refueling. Tankers can be counted as “mission capable” as long as the plane can perform at least one assigned mission, and that isn’t necessarily refueling another aircraft.
The service’s KC-135 fleet is growing old.The aircraft first entered service in the 1950s, and new problems arise as the fleet ages. Meanwhile, the newer KC-46A has been plagued by years of production delays and operational challenges, including problems with its refueling boom, which transfers fuel to receiving aircraft, and its remote vision system, a sort of rear-view camera.
The GAO report authors noted that earlier this year, Air Force officials identified “critical deficiencies” with KC-46A systems and more concerns related to manufacturer Boeing’s “quality control procedures,” citing problems with “frequently failing electrical components on the boom, sensors that do not perform accurately, airframe cracks, and other structural issues.”
Military aircraft experts have previously raised concerns about tanker readiness. The refueling problems described in the fighter jet award citations point to a problem the Air Force is “whistling past the graveyard on,” John Venable, a retired Air Force pilot and senior fellow at the Mitchell Institute for Aerospace Studies, told Business Insider last month.
It’s unlikely the Air Force could support a major contingency operation based on the current status of its tankers, Venable said. “It’s a very complicated situation,” he said, but ultimately, “the Air Force does not have enough tankers,” or repair parts, “to be ready for a major fight.”
The Air Force has not responded to Business Insider’s request for comment on reported tanker issues.
New York Knicks guard Walt Frazier during a game against the Los Angeles Lakers at Madison Square Garden in 1973.
AP
The New York Knicks won their first NBA championship since 1973 on Saturday.
It’s been a long 53 years for long-suffering New Yorkers.
Here’s what the Big Apple was like the last time the Knicks were world champs.
Cue the Frank Sinatra song — New Yorkers are on top of the world this week.
After a 53-year-long drought, the New York Knicks are finally able to bring the Larry O’Brien championship trophy to New York City and celebrate with their loyal fans, who haven’t given up in more than half a century.
Here’s what life was like in New York City the last time the New York Knickerbockers were world champs.
The last time the New York Knicks won an NBA championship was in 1973. Here’s the team celebrating their win at City Hall.
At City Hall The World Championship Knicks are introduced at City Hall reception. Dean Meminger, Phil Jackson, John Gianelli, Dave DeBusschere, Dick Barnett, Henry Bibby, Bill Bradley, Jerry Lucas, Earl Monroe and Harthorne Wingo. Coach Red Holzman (front row, left) and Garden officials Ned Irish (2d l.) and Irving Mitchell Felt sit with Mayor Lindsay.
James Hughes/NY Daily News/Getty Images
Knicks champs Jerry Lucas, Willis Reed, and Bill Bradley celebrated at the airport, too.
MAY 11: Jerry Lucas, Willis Reed and Bill Bradley (l. to r.) begin the New York Knicks’ celebration of the NBA championship after leaving Kennedy Airport.
New York Daily News Archive/NY Daily News/Getty Images
There was no ticker-tape parade because the then-mayor, John V. Lindsay, wanted to cut costs and avoid disruptions, calling for smaller celebrations instead.
Mayor of New York John Lindsay (1921 – 2000) is pictured with the skyline of lower Manhattan behind him, two days before the end of his second term in office, December 29th 1973.
Bettmann/Getty Images
It was a big year for New York City. The World Trade Center was officially dedicated in April 1973.
NEW YORK: In sharp contrast to the decay of the Brooklyn waterfront, the splendor that is “The City” sparkles in the early darkness of a New York night. The East River bridges the old and the new. And the newest of the new are the titanic Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, the concrete “kings” of the isle of Manhattan. The dethroned Empire State Building is not shown in this view of the city’s financial and municipal district nestled in the harbor’s heart.
Bettmann/Bettmann Archive/Getty Images
The year 1973 was the Year of the Ox. There were street celebrations, much like today.
Chinese dancers throw firecrackers into the path of the Lion as they usher in the Year of the Ox with a drum-and-dragon ceremony, along Mott Street in the Chinatown neighbourhood of New York City, New York, 3rd February 1973. The Lion, owned by the various societies, is shown as it visits society members establishments.
Here’s what Coney Island looked like that summer. It remained popular throughout the 1970s, despite the city’s financial crises.
View, along West 12th Street (near Bowery Street), of the ‘Tornado’ roller coaster (formerly named ‘Bob’s Coaster’) at Coney Island’s Astroland Park, Brooklyn, New York, New York, July 22, 1973. Also visible (center) is the ‘Haunted Mansion’ attraction.
Walter Leporati/Getty Images
Just like they do today, kids flocked to the carnival games, but they cost 50 cents back then, not $3.
View of a group of people in front of a gaming booth at Coney Island’s Astroland Park, Brooklyn, New York, New York, July 22, 1973.
Walter Leporati/Getty Images
The subway was a little worse for wear in 1973, with many cars covered in graffiti.
A subway car marked with extensive graffiti, New York City, New York, May, 1973.
Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images
One ride cost 35 cents. Now, a subway ride is $3.
Broadway Local subway car with graffiti, New York City, New York, May, 1973
Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images
The Knicks weren’t the only sports story out of NYC in ’73. Secretariat completed his historic Triple Crown at the Belmont Stakes near Queens.
SEPTEMBER 16: Secretariat at Belmont Park
New York Daily News Archive/Getty Images
Also in 1973, the New York Mets reached the World Series in October, despite being in last place in August.
It’s all smiles for New York Mets manager Yogi Berra (L), pitcher Tug McGraw, and Willie Mays after the Mets won the second game of the 1973 World Series at the Oakland Coliseum by a score of 10-7 over the Oakland A’s. McGraw pitched six innings in relief and retired the A’s 1-2-3 in four of them for the Mets.
Bettmann/Bettmann Archive/Getty Images
The Knicks played at Madison Square Garden, an iconic venue. In July 1973, rock legends Led Zeppelin recorded a concert film there.
From left, bassist John Paul Jones, drummer John Bonham, singer Robert Plant and guitarist Jimmy Page perform live on stage during a concert by English rock band Led Zeppelin on the third of three nights at Madison Square Garden, New York City on 29th July 1973. The concert movie ‘The Song Remains the Same’ was filmed over the three nights from 27th to 29th July at the venue.
David Redfern/Getty Images
John Lennon was also spotted walking around the city, where he lived until his death in 1980.
Former Beatle John Lennon poses for a photo circa 1973 in New York City, New York.
Vinnie Zuffante/Getty Images
While a lot has changed in the city, some things remain the same.
Fans celebrate the New York Knicks’ win over the Milwaukee Bucks, 4-1, in the Eastern NBA Playoffs at the Garden.
Dan Farrell/NY Daily News Archive/Getty Images
One thing that has remained the same in 53 years? New Yorkers love the Knicks.
New York Knicks fans climb on buses as they celebrate after they win the NBA Finals in Times Square on June 14, 2026 in New York City.
The restrictions could play directly into Mistral’s long-standing AI sovereignty pitch.
Mistral’s CEO has warned for more than a year that Europe risks becoming dependent on US AI firms.
The White House’s move to restrict access to Anthropic’s newest AI models could hand one of Europe’s leading AI startups exactly the opening it has been preparing for.
On Friday, US officials imposed export controls on Anthropic’s cybersecurity-focused models, Mythos 5 and Fable 5. They cited national security concerns that safeguards meant to prevent misuse of Fable 5 could be bypassed.
The restrictions block any foreign national from accessing the two models. Anthropic responded by suspending access to the systems altogether, creating uncertainty around who ultimately controls access to frontier AI.
The episode has the hallmarks of a scenario Mistral’s CEO, Arthur Mensch, has been warning about for more than a year — and has since made part of his pitch for why people should choose it over models from US firms like OpenAI and Anthropic.
Speaking at London Tech Week in June 2025, Mensch warned about American AI companies “having the keys” for their models, adding that he sees it as European companies “giving leverage to their providers.”
“At some point, you need to be able to turn it off or turn it on, and you don’t want to leave it to another country,” he said.
Sovereign AI
Since then, the French startup has positioned itself around AI sovereignty, the idea that governments and businesses should not become overly dependent on a handful of foreign AI providers.
To do so, it has championed open-weight models that customers can deploy on their own infrastructure and customize using their own data.
“European governments are coming to us because they want to build the technology and they want to serve their citizens,” Mensch said on the “Big Technology Podcast” in January.
Mensch doubled down on his position at a hearing on digital sovereignty and AI at France’s National Assembly last month, warning that Europe has two years to build its own artificial intelligence infrastructure before becoming permanently dependent on American tech giants.
At Mistral’s first-ever summit in Paris that same month, executives, government officials, and enterprise customers repeatedly returned to the same theme: AI sovereignty.
“You need to know where your data is and what happens to your data,” Jan van den Bremen, Accenture’s technology lead across Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, told Business Insider at the event.
While Mistral is widely considered the top AI model provider in Europe, it lags behind the likes of Anthropic in terms of valuation, model capabilities, and user numbers. The French startup was last valued at around $13.6 billion, compared to Anthropic’s $965 billion valuation.
But the Anthropic restrictions make Mistral’s core argument easier to understand: Most of the time, control of AI ultimately lies with the provider and its government.
The author takes her kids on solo dates to connect with them.
Courtesy of the author
I created “special time” to spend one-on-one time with each of my sons.
The tradition helps me stay connected as they grow older and more independent.
I hope these small outings become the foundation of lifelong relationships.
“When’s my turn for special time, mama?” The question I love to hear most in the world from my three sons is asking when they can go out for a walk or cake and coffee with me.
It’s become a tradition, almost a haphazard one, but I’d never let it slip away. These times one-on-one with each of my children, which they have coined as “special time,” have been and I hope will continue to be one of the ways I connect with each of them as they age.
It started small
It started soon after my oldest was 3. His younger brother had just turned 1 and needed my constant care and attention to keep him from the destruction of the toddler era. I knew that the oldest was getting less of me than ever before, frequently asking for his dad rather than me.
I remember once he said he’d rather play with “dada” than me, and I was crushed.
Perhaps it was a slightly dramatic response to the whims of a 3-year-old and months of unsettled sleep with a newborn and toddler, but it cemented in my mind that I needed to spend time just with him. I wanted him to have my full, undivided attention, and I wanted to have his.
And so, I started finding an hour out consistently — perhaps once a month, although this wasn’t always the case — to just be with him. I recall that walking around a local lake was our most frequent activity.
When he started part-time state education at 4, I used the hours he was in school to have “special time” with his little brother, too — walks around the park, feeding the ducks.
The goal was to get outside the house
With both of the boys, the aim was always to get out of the house. In the house, I was too distracted by all that needed to be done, unable to fully concentrate on whoever’s special time it was.
We didn’t have spare income at this point, so nearly all our activities were free and very simple.
When my third child came along, his special times were different. I was exhausted and just wanted to sit with him, coloring. I’d take him to a local coffee shop that sold one-dollar mini hot chocolates for kids, and he thought he was having the best treat.
The point was never extraordinary moments they’d remember forever, but consistent windows to connect as mother and son.
I still take time to connect with them now that they are older
Over the years, I’m increasingly grateful I decided on a whim to make special times a tradition. These quick touch-base outings have been beneficial for each of them.
I have often felt guilty about how much I rely on these special times to connect, wishing I were more present in each moment through each day. But that’s not my reality as a working mom, who also maintains a home, hobbies, and other relationships.
Although I don’t think the relationships with our kids end when they hit 18, I’m fully aware that there are only a select number of years they are under the roof of their parents.
They will get older (and it’s already happening fast). They will move out. And I’m counting on these special times being the foundation for my forever relationships with them. That they will always remember coffee with mom, and know that anytime they want it, I’ll be ready to pay for a special time.
The White House ordered Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei on Friday to block foreign access to his latest models, Mythos and Fable.
Bloomberg/Getty Images
The Trump administration imposed export controls on Anthropic’s latest models on Friday.
Anthropic responded by pulling access to Mythos and Fable entirely.
Here’s the inside story on what exactly happened.
The Trump administration’s decision to impose sweeping export controls on Anthropic followed a frantic 24-hour effort by senior officials to convince the company to voluntarily pull a newly released artificial intelligence model that officials believed posed security risks, according to two administration officials and a senior White House official, who, like others in this story, were granted anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the episode.
The move, which followed multiple tense calls between Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei and administration officials, including Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and White House Cyber Director Sean Cairncross, underscores how the White House is wrestling in real time with regulating fast-moving, potentially dangerous AI models.
The details of the calls have not been previously reported.
The administration’s imposition of export controls forced Anthropic to pull its new AI model, Fable, just days after it was released to the public. Anthropic had given assurances that it was safe, but soon after its release, top administration officials developed fresh doubts that the AI’s guardrails were as secure as the company had suggested.
On Thursday, two days after the model’s public release, Amazon CEO Andy Jassy raised concerns to the White House about the ability to bypass the model’s guardrails, according to the two administration officials and the senior White House official.
(Amazon, which is an investor in Anthropic, was responding to an administration request for feedback, said a person familiar with Amazon’s discussions.)
By Friday morning, the issue had reached the highest levels of the White House.
Bessent, Cairncross, Chief of Staff Susie Wiles and other senior officials met to discuss the model and the administration’s response, according to the administration official and the senior White House official. Bessent joined remotely while traveling to Houston for a previously scheduled public event, one of them said.
Following the meeting, the administration attempted to reach Amodei but was told he was unavailable because he was attending a wellness retreat, one of the administration officials and the senior White House official said.
A spokesperson for Anthropic rejected the claim that he was at a wellness retreat, saying, “This is absolutely false.”
A person close to Anthropic said Amodei was first requested around noon and was on the phone with senior officials within an hour and 15 minutes. While he was out of pocket, Anthropic offered other senior leaders in his place, the person said.
When the administration finally reached Amodei, he participated in three calls with a combination of roughly half a dozen senior administration officials, including Cairncross, Bessent, and Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick, according to the senior White House official and one of the administration officials.
Other senior White House staff and administration officials, including Undersecretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Jeffrey Kessler, White House staff secretary Will Scharf, White House deputy chief of staff Richard Walters, and assistant to the president for policy Walker Barrett, also participated in some of the calls, according to the senior White House official.
During the calls, Amodei tried to clear up what he assumed was a misunderstanding. He pushed back on the administration’s concerns, defended the guardrails, and argued that the type of bypass that occurred, which he believed to be specific, did not pose the same risk as a broader “jailbreak” that would allow it to be used without any of the guardrails put in place by Anthropic.
In a blog post after the export controls were put in place, Anthropic said that “no testers have yet been able to find a universal jailbreak — a jailbreak method that can very broadly bypass the model’s safeguards, unblocking a wide range of cyber capabilities,” and that total avoidance of any jailbreaks isn’t now possible for them or any other companies. They defended their systems, which they said “are so strong that many users have complained that they are overly broad.”
Cairncross and Bessent were unmoved by Amodei’s arguments. A White House official said Amazon’s findings were run past the National Security Agency, and they felt they had “proof.”
They urged Anthropic to voluntarily remove the model and coordinate with the government to address the vulnerabilities, according to the senior White House official and the two administration officials. Amodei asked for more time and information, but he made no commitments to pull the model, and at one point, Bessent told Amodei directly that he was making a “bad decision,” according to the senior White House official.
Shortly after the call, the Trump administration imposed its export control on the Fable 5 and Mythos 5 models, citing national security authority and banning their use by foreign nationals, according to Anthropic. The company said the “net effect” of the order was to “abruptly disable” the models for all customers “to ensure compliance.”
“Export controls were a last resort after begging them for hours to work with us,” the senior White House official said. “This was not something we wanted to do, but our hands were tied.”
After publication, one of the people close to Anthropic disputed that the company was given a choice to voluntarily work with the administration.
“The White House gave 90 minutes to take the models down, with no details on the actual threat,” the person said. “There was never any begging — or asking — for them to work with us, just a declared 90 minute deadline.”
White House officials — who had heard Amodei liken the dangers of Anthropic’s technology to a nuclear bomb — were baffled when the CEO said he was unwilling to take the system down to address a known security vulnerability, the senior White House official said. Anthropic has defined itself among the industry as a vocal advocate for AI regulation to counter massive global security risks and job disruption as AI quickly advances.
Three people familiar with the government’s thinking said Amazon wasn’t the only company to raise concerns.
“The crux of the issue was the lack of seriousness that Anthropic was applying to it,” said one of the three people. “Had Anthropic taken it seriously and, rather than dismissing it as isolated, moved to fix or pause access, this would have never happened.”
A second person close to Anthropic refuted the idea that the “jailbreak” was a breakdown of Fable 5’s safety systems and pointed to the company’s collaboration with the administration before it released Fable. The government didn’t object to Fable’s release in multiple conversations, the person said.
In its blog post after the administration enacted the export controls, Anthropic said it was complying with the government’s directive, but called it disproportionate.
“As we have stated publicly, we believe the government should have the ability to block unsafe deployments, as part of a statutory process that is transparent, fair, clear, and grounded in technical facts. This action does not adhere to those principles,” Anthropic said.
A White House official, granted anonymity to speak candidly, said innovation remains the White House’s “number one goal, but we also have to prioritize security as well.”
Amazon, in a statement, declined to share the details of its discussions with the administration. “It’s not uncommon for governments to seek our counsel on potential security risks,” an Amazon spokesperson said. “When they occur, we don’t share the details of these discussions.”
Anthropic announced in early April that its latest powerful model, Mythos, would only be available to a limited set of tech and cyber firms, which could use it to test for vulnerabilities in their software. The company needed to limit the release because the model was so powerful, it said at the time, that it could wreak havoc in the wrong hands.
The model’s debut kicked off a series of meetings between Amodei and senior White House officials. Both sides described those meetings as productive. They led to a series of conversations about regulating advanced models that culminated in a recent executive order, which requested companies voluntarily submit their advanced models to the government before deploying them widely.
Fable 5, which launched publicly this week, was described by Anthropic as a “Mythos-class model” with safeguards to make it safe for general use. The model underwent reviews by the administration and the United Kingdom’s AI Security Institute.
But once the alleged security flaws were disclosed, multiple administration officials felt the model needed to be pulled.
In a post on X on Saturday morning, David Sacks, the former White House AI czar and a staunch opponent of regulation, agreed with the administration’s decision to pursue export controls for Anthropic.
Sacks said he did not believe the “jailbreak” was simple or not serious, nor did he believe the export controls were an attempt to exert control over the industry more broadly.
“The Admin’s hope now is that Anthropic remediates the safety issue, the export control is lifted, and Fable goes back into general release,” Sacks wrote. “The Admin wants all of this to happen as soon as possible. It is frankly bewildered that Anthropic hasn’t wanted to comply with safety requests that it previously said were its highest priority.”
Sacks and other officials in the administration have been critical of Anthropic, accusing it of leftist political bias and fearmongering because of its advocacy for stronger regulation of the industry and warnings about mass job disruption.
Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth and the Pentagon elevated the administration’s disagreements with Anthropic to an unprecedented level earlier this year, designating the company a supply chain risk on March 3 over its refusal to allow its AI tools to be used for mass domestic surveillance and in autonomous weapons.
On Saturday, Sacks said the past feuds between the administration and Anthropic were separate from the export control decision.
“The Admin values Anthropic’s technical capabilities and feels that this issue, while serious, should be easily resolved. The ball is in Anthropic’s court,” Sacks wrote.
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